8+ Stunning iOS 26 Backgrounds for Your iPhone


8+ Stunning iOS 26 Backgrounds for Your iPhone

The fundamental visual layer displayed on an Apple mobile operating system is the initial screen that users encounter upon unlocking their devices or navigating away from active applications. It serves as a canvas for icons, widgets, and other interactive elements. Its design is a crucial aspect of the overall user experience, setting the tone for device interaction. For instance, a clean, minimalist aesthetic can convey sophistication and ease of use, while a vibrant, dynamic display can project energy and innovation.

This foundational element plays a significant role in personalizing the device and enhancing user satisfaction. Customization options allow individuals to reflect their tastes and preferences, fostering a sense of ownership and connection. Historically, this element has evolved from simple, static images to sophisticated, dynamic renderings that can incorporate animations, parallax effects, and adaptive theming, mirroring advancements in display technology and processing power. This evolution reflects a commitment to both aesthetic appeal and functional utility.

Understanding the role and characteristics of this foundational visual layer provides a crucial context for discussing topics such as its customization, creation, optimization for performance, and potential security implications. The following sections will delve deeper into these aspects, providing a comprehensive overview of its impact and functionality within the wider operating system ecosystem.

1. Aesthetic Design

Aesthetic design, in the context of a mobile operating system’s initial display, is a pivotal element that shapes the user’s initial perception and ongoing interaction with the device. It directly influences brand identity and user satisfaction, necessitating careful consideration during the design process.

  • Visual Harmony and Consistency

    The arrangement of icons, widgets, and colors must exhibit visual coherence. Inconsistencies can create a sense of unease or unprofessionalism. For instance, the utilization of a specific color palette across system elements, such as notification badges and app icons, can foster a unified and recognizable visual identity. A cohesive design language reinforces the overall user experience and contributes to a perception of polish and sophistication.

  • Typography and Readability

    The choice of font and its implementation significantly impact the readability and accessibility of the visual display. A font that is aesthetically pleasing but difficult to read undermines the functionality of the system. An operating system typically employs a specifically designed system font that prioritizes legibility across a range of screen sizes and resolutions. The correct application of kerning, leading, and font weight are all necessary to achieve an optimal balance between visual appeal and functional clarity.

  • Imagery and Graphics

    The selection and integration of images and graphic elements contribute significantly to the overall aesthetic. High-resolution, appropriately themed visuals can enhance the user’s connection to the device, whereas poorly chosen or low-quality images can detract from the experience. For example, the use of blurred, abstract imagery as a default visual display choice can create a sense of depth and visual interest without overwhelming the user. The chosen images must scale effectively across different device resolutions to maintain quality.

  • Motion and Animation

    Subtle animations and transitions can add a layer of polish and sophistication to the user interface. However, excessive or poorly executed animations can be distracting or detrimental to performance. Carefully considered motion, such as a parallax effect when tilting the device, can subtly enhance the visual experience without sacrificing responsiveness. The implementation of animation should be governed by principles of usability and accessibility to ensure a smooth and intuitive user experience.

The cumulative effect of these aesthetic design elements directly impacts the overall user experience. A well-considered design enhances engagement, reinforces brand identity, and contributes to a perception of quality and attention to detail. Therefore, the careful curation of these visual elements is paramount in the development of any mobile operating system’s core visual presentation.

2. Customization Options

Customization options, as they relate to the visual display of a mobile operating system, represent a core element of user engagement and device personalization. Their implementation in iOS 26 will significantly impact how users interact with their devices and express their individual preferences. A robust suite of customization features allows individuals to tailor the visual experience to their specific needs and tastes, thereby enhancing overall satisfaction and promoting a deeper connection with the technology.

  • Static Image Selection

    The ability to select a static image from a user’s personal library or from a curated gallery is a fundamental customization option. This allows users to impart a personal touch to their device. For example, a user might choose a photograph of their family, a scenic landscape, or an abstract design. The system must efficiently manage and display these images across different screen resolutions and aspect ratios without compromising image quality or device performance. Efficient caching mechanisms are crucial to prevent excessive battery drain associated with frequent visual updates.

  • Dynamic and Animated Visuals

    Beyond static images, support for dynamic and animated displays provides a more engaging and interactive experience. This could include live weather visualizations, animated patterns, or parallax effects that respond to device motion. However, the implementation of such features must be carefully optimized to minimize performance impact and battery consumption. Algorithms should prioritize resource allocation to ensure a smooth and responsive user interface, even on devices with limited processing power. An example of this could include live wallpapers that dynamically update based on the user’s location and current weather conditions.

  • Theme Customization

    Comprehensive theme customization allows users to alter the overall visual style of the operating system, including color palettes, icon styles, and system fonts. This offers a high degree of personalization and allows users to create a unique and visually consistent experience. For example, a user might choose a dark theme to reduce eye strain in low-light environments or select a high-contrast theme to improve accessibility. The theme engine must be flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of aesthetic preferences while maintaining consistency across all system elements and applications.

  • Widget Integration and Arrangement

    The ability to place and arrange widgets on the visual display allows users to access critical information and perform common tasks without launching individual applications. This streamlines the user experience and enhances productivity. For example, a user might place a weather widget, a calendar widget, or a news widget on their initial screen. The system must provide a user-friendly interface for managing widgets and ensure that they are updated in real-time without negatively impacting performance. Customizable widget sizes and layouts further enhance the personalization capabilities of the operating system.

In conclusion, a well-designed suite of customization options for the visual display in iOS 26 is essential for maximizing user satisfaction and device engagement. These features must balance aesthetic appeal with performance considerations to provide a seamless and responsive user experience. The implementation of robust caching mechanisms, efficient resource allocation algorithms, and a flexible theme engine are crucial for delivering a truly personalized and enjoyable user experience.

3. Performance Impact

The performance impact of the visual layer on the anticipated iOS 26 operating system is a critical consideration during development and optimization. The complexity and resource demands of the initial display directly influence device responsiveness, application launch times, and overall system fluidity. A poorly optimized visual layer can lead to noticeable lag, increased battery consumption, and a diminished user experience.

  • Rendering Complexity and Frame Rate

    The visual layer’s rendering complexity directly affects the frame rate, a key metric for perceived smoothness. Complex animations, parallax effects, and high-resolution images require significant processing power to render at a consistent 60 frames per second or higher. When the rendering demands exceed the device’s capabilities, the frame rate drops, resulting in visible stuttering and a less responsive user interface. The choice of rendering techniques and image compression algorithms directly impacts the processing load. Efficient rendering pipelines and optimized image formats are essential for maintaining a consistent frame rate, especially on older devices with limited processing power.

  • Memory Management and Resource Allocation

    The visual layer consumes system memory to store images, animations, and other visual assets. Inefficient memory management can lead to memory leaks, excessive memory swapping, and reduced application performance. The operating system must allocate memory efficiently and proactively release unused resources to prevent memory-related issues. For example, poorly optimized dynamic visual displays can rapidly consume system memory, leading to slowdowns and application crashes. Effective memory management strategies are crucial for maintaining system stability and responsiveness, particularly when multiple applications are running concurrently.

  • Battery Consumption and Thermal Throttling

    Rendering complex visuals and animations consumes significant battery power. Sustained high processing loads can also lead to thermal throttling, where the device reduces its clock speed to prevent overheating. This further degrades performance and reduces battery life. Therefore, the design of the visual layer must prioritize energy efficiency. Techniques such as limiting animation frame rates, using low-power rendering modes, and optimizing image compression can significantly reduce battery consumption. Monitoring and managing the thermal profile of the device is also critical for preventing performance degradation due to thermal throttling.

  • Code Optimization and Algorithm Efficiency

    The underlying code that drives the visual layer must be highly optimized for performance. Inefficient algorithms and poorly structured code can introduce bottlenecks and significantly increase processing overhead. Code optimization involves techniques such as minimizing memory allocations, reducing branch prediction misses, and leveraging hardware acceleration features. Furthermore, the choice of programming language and development tools can influence performance. A well-optimized codebase ensures that the visual layer operates efficiently, minimizing its impact on overall system performance.

In conclusion, the performance impact of the visual presentation on iOS 26 is a multifaceted issue encompassing rendering complexity, memory management, battery consumption, and code optimization. Optimizing these aspects is crucial for delivering a smooth, responsive, and energy-efficient user experience. A well-designed visual layer balances aesthetic appeal with performance considerations to ensure that the device operates optimally across a range of use cases and hardware configurations.

4. Battery Consumption

Power usage is a critical factor in mobile operating system design. The visual display on iOS 26, while aesthetically important, significantly affects battery life. Optimizing the presentation to minimize energy expenditure is paramount for user satisfaction and overall device usability.

  • Animated Displays and Refresh Rates

    Dynamic visuals, such as live wallpapers or constantly updating widgets, require continuous processing. Higher refresh rates, while providing smoother animations, also increase power consumption. Implementing adaptive refresh rate technology, which lowers the refresh rate when static content is displayed, can mitigate this impact. For example, a live weather display updating every minute consumes more power than a static image. Careful management of refresh intervals is critical for balancing visual appeal and battery efficiency.

  • Display Brightness and Color Usage

    Screen brightness is a major determinant of power usage. Higher brightness settings dramatically reduce battery life. Utilizing auto-brightness features, which adjust screen luminance based on ambient light, can conserve energy. Furthermore, the colors displayed affect consumption; brighter colors, particularly white, demand more power than darker hues. Implementing a system-wide dark mode can significantly extend battery life, especially on devices with OLED displays where black pixels consume virtually no power.

  • Background Processes and Updates

    Even when the device is not actively in use, background processes associated with the visual display can consume power. Regularly updating widgets or retrieving new visual data requires background processing that drains the battery. Optimizing these background tasks, limiting their frequency, and employing efficient data transfer protocols are essential. For instance, a news widget that refreshes every few minutes consumes more power than one that updates hourly. Minimizing unnecessary background activity is crucial for maximizing battery life.

  • Hardware Acceleration and Code Optimization

    Leveraging hardware acceleration features and optimizing the code that drives the visual display can reduce power consumption. Hardware acceleration offloads processing tasks from the CPU to specialized hardware components, such as the GPU, which are designed for efficient graphics rendering. Furthermore, well-optimized code minimizes processing overhead, reducing the amount of energy required to render and update the visual display. Effective code optimization and strategic use of hardware acceleration are paramount for achieving energy efficiency.

These facets highlight the complex interplay between visual presentation and battery performance in iOS 26. The trade-offs between aesthetic appeal and energy conservation must be carefully considered during the design and development process. Implementing intelligent power management strategies and optimizing rendering techniques are critical for delivering a visually engaging and energy-efficient user experience.

5. Security Implications

Security considerations are paramount in the design and implementation of any modern operating system, including the anticipated iOS 26. The visual display, while primarily an aesthetic element, introduces potential vulnerabilities that require careful mitigation. The following points outline significant security implications associated with the fundamental visual presentation.

  • Malicious Image Exploitation

    Maliciously crafted image files can exploit vulnerabilities within image processing libraries, potentially leading to code execution or denial-of-service attacks. If the system’s visual display renders an image containing embedded malicious code, it could compromise the device. For example, a specially crafted JPEG or PNG file could trigger a buffer overflow in the image decoder, allowing an attacker to gain control of the system. Robust input validation and secure image decoding libraries are essential to prevent such exploits.

  • Data Leakage through Visual Display

    The visual display could inadvertently leak sensitive information if not properly handled. For example, temporary files used to generate previews or thumbnails might contain remnants of sensitive data. If these files are not securely deleted or overwritten, they could be recovered by an attacker. Furthermore, the visual display might inadvertently reveal information about the device’s internal state or configuration, providing attackers with valuable insights for launching further attacks. Secure coding practices and diligent data sanitization are crucial to prevent data leakage.

  • Phishing Attacks via Customized Visuals

    Customization options, while enhancing user experience, can be exploited for phishing attacks. An attacker could create a custom visual display that mimics the legitimate operating system interface to trick users into entering their credentials or divulging sensitive information. For example, a fake login screen disguised as a system prompt could steal user passwords. Implementing strong authentication mechanisms and educating users about the risks of phishing attacks are essential to mitigate this threat.

  • Unauthorized Access through Vulnerable Widgets

    Widgets displayed on the visual presentation can introduce security risks if they contain vulnerabilities. A compromised widget could provide attackers with unauthorized access to system resources or user data. For example, a vulnerable weather widget could be used to execute malicious code or steal location data. Thoroughly vetting and sandboxing widgets are crucial to prevent them from being exploited. Furthermore, implementing a robust permission model can restrict the capabilities of widgets and limit their potential impact on system security.

These facets highlight the interconnectedness of visual design and security. A secure visual presentation requires a holistic approach that addresses potential vulnerabilities at all levels, from image processing libraries to widget security. Robust security measures, coupled with user awareness, are essential to protect devices running iOS 26 from potential threats originating from its visual components.

6. Accessibility Features

The integration of accessibility features within the visual presentation of iOS 26 is not merely an addendum but a fundamental aspect of its design philosophy. These features ensure that the operating system is usable by individuals with a wide range of disabilities, directly influencing their ability to interact with and benefit from the technology.

  • Color Inversion and Filters

    Color inversion and filters enable users with visual impairments to customize the color scheme of the visual display to improve readability. For instance, individuals with macular degeneration or color blindness may find it difficult to distinguish certain colors or read text on a bright background. Color inversion reverses the colors, while color filters allow users to adjust the hue and saturation to enhance contrast and clarity. These adaptations directly impact the usability of the operating system for those with visual impairments, making it easier to navigate the interface and consume content.

  • Text Size and Font Adjustments

    The ability to adjust text size and font styles is crucial for users with low vision or reading difficulties. Enlarging text size improves readability, while selecting a font that is easy to discern can reduce eye strain. The impact of these features extends beyond the operating system itself, influencing the readability of content within applications. For example, larger, clearer fonts improve the accessibility of e-books, web pages, and messaging applications, enabling users with visual impairments to engage with digital content more effectively.

  • VoiceOver and Screen Reader Compatibility

    VoiceOver, a screen reader technology, provides auditory descriptions of on-screen elements, enabling blind or visually impaired users to navigate the operating system and interact with applications. The visual presentation must be designed to be compatible with VoiceOver, ensuring that all elements are properly labeled and accessible via keyboard navigation. This requires careful attention to semantic structure and ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes. Seamless integration with VoiceOver is essential for providing a truly accessible experience for blind users.

  • Contrast Enhancement and Reduced Motion

    Contrast enhancement increases the color difference between text and background, improving readability for users with low vision. Reduced motion minimizes animations and parallax effects, which can cause dizziness or nausea for individuals with vestibular disorders. These features enhance the usability of the visual display by addressing specific needs of users with visual or sensory sensitivities. For example, a high-contrast theme can make it easier to read text in bright sunlight, while reduced motion can prevent discomfort for users with motion sickness.

The accessibility features integrated into the visual display of iOS 26 are not merely cosmetic enhancements but essential tools that empower individuals with disabilities to participate fully in the digital world. These features demonstrate a commitment to inclusivity and accessibility, reflecting a broader trend towards designing technology that is usable by all, regardless of their abilities. Their seamless integration and thoughtful design are critical for ensuring that iOS 26 is truly accessible to a diverse range of users.

7. Dynamic Theming

Dynamic theming, in the context of the iOS 26 visual display, represents a sophisticated approach to personalizing the user interface. This system allows the look and feel of the core visual presentation to adapt automatically based on pre-defined parameters, user preferences, or contextual conditions, creating a more engaging and intuitive user experience.

  • Adaptive Color Palettes

    Adaptive color palettes enable the system to automatically adjust the color scheme of the interface based on time of day, ambient lighting, or user-selected preferences. For example, a dark mode could activate automatically at night, reducing eye strain and conserving battery life on OLED displays. Conversely, a brighter, more vibrant palette could be applied during daylight hours. These adaptive color schemes enhance visual comfort and reduce cognitive load by providing a visually consistent and contextually appropriate interface.

  • Contextual Visual Adjustments

    The visual display can dynamically alter based on user activity or the application being used. For instance, when a user is engaged in a task requiring focus, such as writing or coding, the system could minimize distractions by dimming non-essential interface elements and increasing the prominence of the active window. Upon switching to a media consumption app, the visual presentation could adapt to prioritize visual appeal and immersive experiences, such as enhanced color saturation or subtle animations. This contextual adaptation streamlines the user experience and reduces visual clutter.

  • User-Defined Theming Rules

    Dynamic theming can incorporate user-defined rules that allow individuals to customize the visual presentation based on their specific needs and preferences. Users could create rules that automatically change the visual display when certain events occur, such as receiving a notification from a specific contact or connecting to a particular Wi-Fi network. This granular level of control empowers users to create a highly personalized and contextually relevant visual experience, optimizing their interaction with the operating system.

  • Integration with System Sensors

    The dynamic theming system can leverage data from system sensors, such as the accelerometer, gyroscope, and ambient light sensor, to adapt the visual display in real-time. For example, the visual display could subtly shift its orientation based on the device’s angle, creating a more immersive and natural user experience. The ambient light sensor could dynamically adjust screen brightness and color temperature to match the surrounding environment, reducing eye strain and improving visual comfort. This sensor-driven adaptation creates a more responsive and intuitive interface that seamlessly integrates with the user’s physical environment.

In summary, dynamic theming offers a powerful mechanism for enhancing the visual presentation in iOS 26. By automatically adapting the user interface based on contextual conditions, user preferences, and system sensor data, dynamic theming creates a more engaging, intuitive, and personalized user experience. The intelligent and responsive nature of this system contributes to a more seamless and enjoyable interaction with the operating system, optimizing both visual comfort and productivity.

8. Developer API

The Developer API serves as a crucial bridge, enabling third-party applications to interact with the core functions related to the system’s fundamental visual layer in iOS 26. Without a well-defined and accessible API, developers would be unable to customize or integrate their applications seamlessly with this layer. The cause-and-effect relationship is direct: a robust Developer API enables richer, more integrated app experiences that enhance the utility and appeal of the visual display itself. A weak or restrictive API would limit innovation, resulting in a less dynamic and personalized user experience. For example, if a weather application wishes to display a live, animated representation within the initial screen, it requires specific API calls to access system resources and render the visual elements appropriately, all while respecting system performance and security constraints.

Consider the practical application of widget development. The Developer API provides the necessary tools and frameworks for creating widgets that display real-time information or offer quick actions directly on the visual display. This API dictates how widgets can access data, present information, and respond to user interactions. A comprehensive API allows developers to create visually appealing and functionally rich widgets that enhance the user’s ability to personalize their device. Moreover, access controls within the API ensure that these widgets cannot access unauthorized system resources or compromise user data, maintaining a secure and stable operating environment. Without this, it is impossible to create new utilities that interact with this layer.

In summary, the Developer API is an indispensable component of the visual layer’s ecosystem in iOS 26. Its design and capabilities directly impact the functionality, customizability, and security of the operating system. A well-designed API empowers developers to create innovative and engaging experiences that enhance the core visual presentation, while simultaneously ensuring the integrity and stability of the system. A failure to prioritize the Developer API would represent a significant challenge to realizing the full potential of the iOS 26 visual experience, limiting user choice and potentially compromising security.

Frequently Asked Questions Regarding the iOS 26 Initial Visual Presentation

This section addresses common inquiries and clarifies crucial aspects of the operating system’s core visual component, offering detailed insights into its functionalities and underlying principles.

Question 1: What are the potential performance limitations imposed by graphically intensive initial visual presentations on older iOS 26 compatible devices?

Graphically rich visuals, particularly those involving real-time animations or complex shaders, can place significant demands on the processing capabilities of older hardware. Such demands can lead to reduced frame rates, increased latency in user interactions, and potentially, system instability. Developers are advised to implement adaptive rendering techniques that scale visual complexity based on the device’s processing power to mitigate these limitations.

Question 2: How will iOS 26 manage the persistent resources utilized by live visuals to minimize energy depletion?

The operating system employs a variety of power management strategies to mitigate energy consumption associated with live visuals. These strategies include aggressive caching of static content, limiting background refresh rates, and utilizing hardware acceleration for specific rendering tasks. The system dynamically adjusts these parameters based on device activity and battery levels to optimize energy efficiency.

Question 3: What level of customization will be offered to users regarding the placement and configuration of widgets on the visual display?

iOS 26 will offer a range of customization options, permitting users to freely arrange widgets within a defined grid system. Widget resizing and stacking capabilities will also be present. System-level constraints will exist to ensure that widget placement does not obstruct essential system elements or compromise the overall user experience.

Question 4: What measures will iOS 26 employ to prevent malicious exploitation of custom visuals by third-party entities?

Rigorous code signing protocols and runtime environment restrictions are implemented to prevent the execution of unauthorized or malicious code within custom visuals. All visuals must undergo a stringent vetting process before being approved for distribution. Sandboxing technologies are used to isolate visual processes, limiting their access to system resources and preventing potential security breaches.

Question 5: How are accessibility considerations being addressed in the design of the default visual elements within iOS 26?

The default visual elements adhere to established accessibility guidelines. High contrast ratios, scalable text sizes, and full compatibility with screen reader technologies, such as VoiceOver, are core design priorities. Options for color inversion and customized color filters are available to accommodate a wide spectrum of visual impairments.

Question 6: To what extent will developers be able to leverage system-level APIs to integrate custom visual elements into the core visual presentation?

A comprehensive API will be provided, enabling developers to integrate custom visual elements into the core visual presentation. This API will offer access to functions for rendering dynamic content, managing widget interactions, and interacting with system sensors. API usage is subject to stringent security and performance constraints to ensure the stability and integrity of the operating system.

In summation, the design and implementation of the initial visual display in iOS 26 prioritizes performance, security, accessibility, and customization. A comprehensive approach is utilized to ensure a seamless and secure user experience.

The subsequent sections provide more granular technical specifications and delve into specialized optimization techniques.

Essential Considerations for Optimizing the Initial Visual Presentation in iOS 26

The following guidelines provide actionable insights for developers and system administrators seeking to enhance the efficiency and appeal of the system’s core visual layer. Adherence to these principles will contribute to a superior user experience and optimized device performance.

Tip 1: Minimize Graphical Complexity

Reduce the use of resource-intensive visual effects, such as excessive animations or high-resolution textures, particularly on devices with limited processing capabilities. Optimize assets for size and resolution to conserve memory and reduce rendering overhead. A complex visual design should be simplified for older hardware.

Tip 2: Implement Adaptive Refresh Rates

Employ dynamic refresh rate techniques that automatically lower the display refresh rate when static content is displayed. This reduces unnecessary power consumption and extends battery life. A screen displaying a static image does not require a refresh rate as high as one presenting animations.

Tip 3: Optimize Widget Performance

Ensure that widgets are efficiently coded and that they retrieve data only when necessary. Minimize background data retrieval to conserve battery life. Poorly optimized widgets can significantly impact system performance and energy consumption.

Tip 4: Secure Custom Visuals

Implement rigorous security measures to prevent the execution of malicious code within custom visuals. Validate all input data and adhere to secure coding practices to mitigate potential vulnerabilities. Untrusted visuals pose a significant security risk to the entire system.

Tip 5: Prioritize Accessibility

Adhere to accessibility guidelines when designing visual elements. Provide high contrast ratios, scalable text sizes, and ensure compatibility with screen reader technologies. Neglecting accessibility limits the usability of the system for a significant portion of the user base.

Tip 6: Leverage Hardware Acceleration

Utilize hardware acceleration features to offload rendering tasks from the CPU to the GPU. This improves performance and reduces power consumption. Properly leveraging hardware acceleration can significantly enhance the efficiency of visual rendering.

Tip 7: Profile and Optimize Code

Regularly profile code to identify and address performance bottlenecks. Optimize algorithms and data structures to minimize processing overhead. Efficient code is essential for delivering a smooth and responsive user experience.

Tip 8: Memory Management

Manage efficiently the use of memory. Release unused resources to prevent memory leaks. Implement a cache to store the common components in system.

These guidelines emphasize the need for a balanced approach that considers both aesthetic appeal and system performance. Adhering to these principles ensures a superior user experience without compromising device efficiency or security.

The subsequent section delves into specific technical details and advanced optimization methodologies, providing further guidance for those seeking to maximize the performance and utility of the system’s core visual presentation.

iOS 26 Background

This exploration of the iOS 26 background has traversed its multifaceted nature, encompassing aesthetic design, customization options, performance considerations, security implications, accessibility features, dynamic theming, and developer API access. These elements, while seemingly disparate, are intrinsically linked and collectively determine the user experience and overall effectiveness of the operating system. Proper execution in each of these areas is non-negotiable.

The successful implementation of the iOS 26 background requires a holistic approach that balances visual appeal with functional utility, security, and accessibility. Its continuous evolution demands constant vigilance, adaptation, and a commitment to innovation. The future success of iOS as a mobile platform depends, in part, on how effectively the operating system manages and integrates its foundational visual layer.