9+ Best Pediatric App Fellowship Programs in 2024


9+ Best Pediatric App Fellowship Programs in 2024

Post-residency opportunities focused on advanced training in the use of digital technologies for pediatric healthcare are becoming increasingly prevalent. These structured educational experiences provide physicians with specialized skills in areas such as mobile health (mHealth), telehealth, and the development and implementation of health-related applications (apps) tailored for children and adolescents. Completion of such a program typically involves mentored research, clinical application, and collaborative work with interdisciplinary teams.

The rising importance of these specialized opportunities stems from the growing integration of technology into healthcare delivery and patient management, particularly within pediatrics. Benefits include improved patient engagement, enhanced access to care for underserved populations, and more efficient monitoring of chronic conditions. Historically, such training was less formalized, but the increasing sophistication of digital health tools necessitates structured and comprehensive educational programs for pediatricians.

The subsequent sections will delve into the curriculum components, typical program structures, application processes, and career pathways associated with advanced training in pediatric digital health, offering a detailed overview of this evolving field.

1. Curriculum Components

The curriculum components of advanced training in pediatric digital health are designed to equip fellows with the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively integrate mobile health and related technologies into pediatric healthcare settings. These components cover a range of disciplines, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the technical, clinical, and ethical considerations involved.

  • mHealth Application Development

    This facet includes training in the principles of user-centered design, app development platforms (iOS, Android), and coding fundamentals relevant to creating mobile applications for pediatric patients. For example, fellows might learn to build an app that helps teenagers manage their diabetes, incorporating features for tracking blood sugar levels, medication reminders, and communication with healthcare providers. Effective application development ensures usability and patient engagement.

  • Data Analytics and Interpretation

    Fellows receive instruction in statistical methods, data visualization techniques, and the analysis of health data generated from mobile devices and electronic health records. They learn to identify trends, predict outcomes, and assess the effectiveness of digital health interventions. For instance, a fellow might analyze data from a remote monitoring program for asthma patients to identify factors that predict exacerbations and tailor interventions accordingly. This data-driven approach is crucial for evidence-based practice.

  • Telehealth Implementation and Best Practices

    This component focuses on the practical aspects of delivering healthcare services remotely, including video conferencing, remote monitoring, and asynchronous communication. Fellows learn about HIPAA compliance, patient privacy, and the legal and regulatory considerations related to telehealth. A real-world example includes a telehealth program that provides behavioral health services to children in rural areas, overcoming geographical barriers to access. Proper implementation maximizes access to care while adhering to ethical guidelines.

  • Ethical and Legal Considerations

    Fellows examine the ethical implications of using technology in healthcare, including issues related to data privacy, security, informed consent, and equitable access. They learn about relevant laws and regulations, such as HIPAA and COPPA, and how to ensure compliance. An example might involve developing guidelines for the responsible use of social media in pediatric healthcare, protecting patient privacy while leveraging the potential for education and outreach. Addressing these considerations ensures responsible and ethical innovation.

These core curriculum components ensure that fellows are well-prepared to lead the development and implementation of innovative digital health solutions in pediatric healthcare. The combination of technical skills, clinical knowledge, and ethical awareness is essential for driving meaningful improvements in patient outcomes and access to care.

2. Faculty Expertise

The success and impact of advanced training opportunities in pediatric digital health are intrinsically linked to the expertise and experience of the faculty leading these programs. The facultys diverse skill sets and backgrounds are paramount in delivering a comprehensive and cutting-edge educational experience.

  • Pediatric Clinical Expertise

    Faculty members with extensive experience in pediatric medicine provide the clinical context for digital health innovations. Their understanding of pediatric workflows, patient needs, and the challenges of delivering care to children and adolescents informs the development and implementation of relevant and effective digital health solutions. For instance, a faculty member with expertise in pediatric cardiology might guide fellows in developing a mobile app to monitor heart conditions in children remotely. Their input ensures clinical relevance and patient safety within the program.

  • Technical Proficiency in Digital Health

    Faculty with expertise in software development, data science, and information technology are essential for providing fellows with the technical skills needed to create and deploy digital health interventions. They teach fellows how to design user-friendly interfaces, analyze data, and ensure data security. A faculty member with a background in computer science might lead workshops on app development and data analysis, equipping fellows with the tools needed to create innovative solutions. This ensures that fellows gain practical skills aligned with industry standards.

  • Research Methodology and Grant Writing

    Experienced researchers guide fellows in designing and conducting rigorous studies to evaluate the effectiveness of digital health interventions. They provide mentorship on research methodology, data analysis, and grant writing, helping fellows to secure funding for their projects. A faculty member with a strong track record in health services research might mentor fellows on designing a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a telehealth program on asthma outcomes. This facet fosters scholarly activity and contributes to the evidence base in digital health.

  • Regulatory and Ethical Oversight

    Faculty members with expertise in healthcare law, ethics, and regulatory compliance ensure that fellows are aware of the legal and ethical considerations related to digital health. They provide guidance on HIPAA compliance, data privacy, and the responsible use of technology in healthcare. A faculty member with a background in bioethics might lead discussions on the ethical implications of using artificial intelligence in pediatric care. This emphasis ensures responsible innovation and safeguards patient rights.

In conclusion, the collective expertise of faculty members in pediatric clinical practice, digital health technology, research methodology, and regulatory affairs is crucial for the success of advanced training in pediatric digital health. Their diverse skills and experience ensure that fellows receive a well-rounded education that prepares them to lead innovation in pediatric healthcare.

3. Research Opportunities

Research opportunities form a cornerstone of advanced training in pediatric digital health. These opportunities serve as a mechanism for fellows to investigate the efficacy, safety, and optimal implementation strategies for mobile health interventions within pediatric populations. Participation in research is not merely an ancillary activity but a fundamental component, influencing program quality and shaping future practice. For example, fellows might design and conduct studies to assess the impact of a mobile app on medication adherence in adolescents with asthma or explore the feasibility of using telehealth for providing mental health services to children in rural areas. Without robust research components, fellowship programs risk producing graduates ill-equipped to critically evaluate and improve upon existing digital health solutions. The ability to contribute to the evidence base is paramount.

The nature of research endeavors undertaken during fellowship often reflects the program’s priorities and resources. Some programs emphasize clinical trials focused on evaluating specific app-based interventions, while others prioritize qualitative studies to understand user experiences and barriers to adoption. Collaboration with established researchers and access to data repositories significantly enhance the quality and impact of these research projects. Consider a scenario where a fellow, leveraging existing data from a pediatric diabetes registry, investigates the correlation between app usage and glycemic control. Such projects not only contribute to the fellow’s scholarly development but also inform clinical guidelines and policy recommendations. Furthermore, presenting research findings at national conferences and publishing in peer-reviewed journals are vital aspects of the research experience, enhancing the fellow’s credibility and the program’s visibility.

In summary, research opportunities within pediatric digital health fellowship programs are essential for fostering innovation, promoting evidence-based practice, and developing future leaders in the field. The challenges lie in securing funding for research projects, ensuring access to diverse patient populations, and maintaining ethical standards in data collection and analysis. Ultimately, the strength of the research component significantly determines the value and impact of these specialized training programs on the advancement of pediatric healthcare.

4. Clinical Integration

Clinical integration represents a pivotal element within pediatric app fellowship programs. These programs aim to equip fellows with the expertise to design, implement, and evaluate digital health interventions within real-world pediatric healthcare settings. Without robust clinical integration, the potential impact of these programs remains theoretical, failing to translate into tangible improvements in patient care. A direct causal relationship exists: greater clinical integration leads to more effective translation of research into practice, better adoption of digital health tools by clinicians, and ultimately, improved patient outcomes. The importance of clinical integration lies in its ability to bridge the gap between technological innovation and practical application, ensuring that digital health solutions are relevant, user-friendly, and aligned with the needs of both patients and providers. For example, fellows might work alongside pediatricians in a primary care clinic to implement a mobile app designed to improve medication adherence among adolescents with asthma, directly observing the challenges and successes of integrating the app into existing clinical workflows.

Further analysis reveals that clinical integration necessitates a collaborative approach, involving active participation from pediatricians, nurses, parents, and patients. Successful integration requires careful consideration of existing clinical workflows, electronic health record (EHR) systems, and the technological infrastructure available within the healthcare setting. Practical applications include integrating remote monitoring systems for children with chronic conditions, such as diabetes or epilepsy, allowing healthcare providers to track patient data in real-time and intervene proactively. Another example involves using telehealth platforms to provide behavioral health services to children in rural areas, overcoming geographical barriers to access. These applications demonstrate how clinical integration can enhance access to care, improve patient engagement, and streamline clinical processes. The practical significance of this understanding underscores the need for fellowship programs to prioritize hands-on clinical experiences and collaborative partnerships with healthcare institutions.

In conclusion, clinical integration is not merely a desirable attribute but a fundamental requirement for pediatric app fellowship programs to achieve their goals. By fostering close collaboration between fellows, clinicians, and patients, these programs can ensure that digital health solutions are relevant, effective, and sustainable within pediatric healthcare settings. Challenges remain in overcoming technological barriers, addressing privacy concerns, and ensuring equitable access to digital health tools. However, the potential benefits of successful clinical integration, including improved patient outcomes and enhanced healthcare delivery, warrant a continued emphasis on this critical aspect of training. The future of pediatric healthcare increasingly relies on the effective integration of digital health technologies, making clinical integration a cornerstone of these fellowship programs.

5. Technology Focus

The technology focus within pediatric app fellowship programs is paramount to their core function. It represents the foundational knowledge and skill set necessary for fellows to develop, implement, and evaluate digital health interventions effectively. A strong technology focus provides fellows with the tools to address specific pediatric healthcare challenges through innovative digital solutions. Without it, the programs would lack the capacity to translate theoretical knowledge into practical applications. For example, a fellow might leverage skills in mobile app development to create a tool that helps adolescents manage their diabetes, or utilize data analytics techniques to identify trends in pediatric obesity rates. The cause-and-effect relationship is clear: a robust technology focus directly enables the creation of impactful and sustainable digital health interventions for children.

Further analysis reveals that the technology focus should encompass a broad range of skills, including software development, data science, user interface design, and cybersecurity. Practical applications of this comprehensive skill set include developing telehealth platforms for providing remote consultations, creating wearable sensors for monitoring vital signs, and implementing secure data storage systems to protect patient privacy. Successful application depends not only on technical proficiency but also on a deep understanding of pediatric clinical workflows and the needs of patients and providers. For instance, designing an app that is technically sound but difficult for children to use would negate its potential benefits. Integration of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning also demands specialized skills in data analysis and algorithm development.

In conclusion, the technology focus is not merely an ancillary aspect but a central tenet of pediatric app fellowship programs. It provides the foundation for innovation, enables practical applications, and ensures that digital health solutions are effective and sustainable within pediatric healthcare settings. While challenges remain in keeping pace with rapid technological advancements and ensuring equitable access to technology, the importance of a strong technology focus cannot be overstated. The effectiveness and impact of these programs are directly tied to the technical expertise of their graduates, shaping the future of pediatric healthcare through digital innovation.

6. Mentorship Structure

The mentorship structure within pediatric app fellowship programs is a critical determinant of participant success and program effectiveness. A well-defined mentorship framework facilitates the transfer of knowledge, skills, and professional guidance from experienced faculty to fellows, ensuring the development of competent and innovative digital health leaders. Absence of a robust mentorship component diminishes the program’s capacity to cultivate fellows who can effectively translate theoretical knowledge into practical applications within pediatric healthcare settings. For example, a fellow designing a mobile app for managing pediatric asthma benefits significantly from the guidance of a mentor with expertise in both pediatric pulmonology and mobile health app development. The causal relationship is evident: strong mentorship directly correlates with improved fellow performance and project outcomes.

Further analysis reveals that an effective mentorship structure encompasses several key elements. These include clearly defined roles and responsibilities for both mentors and mentees, regular meetings and communication, opportunities for collaborative research and clinical projects, and access to a diverse network of experts in pediatrics, technology, and healthcare administration. Practical applications of this structure include pairing fellows with mentors who have successfully navigated the regulatory and ethical challenges of implementing digital health interventions in pediatric settings. Mentors might also provide guidance on grant writing, manuscript preparation, and presentation skills, enhancing the fellow’s ability to disseminate their research findings. Consider a scenario where a fellow, mentored by a seasoned researcher, secures funding for a project evaluating the impact of a telehealth program on childhood obesity. Such achievements underscore the value of a well-structured mentorship program.

In conclusion, the mentorship structure is not merely an add-on but an integral component of pediatric app fellowship programs. It provides the support, guidance, and expertise necessary for fellows to thrive and contribute meaningfully to the field of pediatric digital health. While challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to mentorship opportunities and providing adequate training for mentors, the importance of a strong mentorship framework cannot be overstated. The success and impact of these programs are directly tied to the quality and effectiveness of their mentorship structures, shaping the future of pediatric healthcare through the cultivation of skilled and innovative digital health leaders.

7. Program Accreditation

Program accreditation serves as a crucial indicator of quality and rigor within pediatric app fellowship programs. It represents an external validation process, ensuring that these programs meet established standards for curriculum, faculty expertise, resources, and outcomes. A direct causal relationship exists: accredited programs are more likely to offer comprehensive training, attract high-quality applicants, and produce graduates who are well-prepared to advance the field of pediatric digital health. Without accreditation, the value and credibility of these fellowship programs are significantly diminished, potentially limiting the career opportunities for graduates and hindering the adoption of evidence-based practices. Accreditation provides assurance to prospective fellows, healthcare institutions, and funding agencies that the program adheres to recognized benchmarks of excellence. For example, accreditation by a reputable organization, such as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), signals that the program has undergone a rigorous review process and meets specific criteria related to program structure, faculty qualifications, and clinical training opportunities.

Further analysis reveals that the accreditation process often involves a self-study by the program, followed by a site visit from accreditation reviewers. These reviewers assess various aspects of the program, including its curriculum content, teaching methods, research opportunities, and clinical integration strategies. Practical applications of accreditation standards include ensuring that fellows receive adequate training in areas such as mobile app development, data analytics, telehealth implementation, and ethical considerations. Accreditation also promotes continuous quality improvement by requiring programs to regularly evaluate their performance and implement changes to address identified weaknesses. Consider a scenario where a pediatric app fellowship program seeks accreditation from a specialized digital health accreditation body. The accreditation process may require the program to demonstrate that its curriculum is aligned with current best practices in the field, that its faculty members possess the necessary expertise to deliver high-quality training, and that its graduates are achieving measurable outcomes in terms of research productivity and clinical impact.

In conclusion, program accreditation is not merely a symbolic gesture but a vital component of pediatric app fellowship programs. It provides a framework for ensuring quality, promoting continuous improvement, and enhancing the credibility of these programs. While challenges remain in developing standardized accreditation criteria for this emerging field, the importance of accreditation cannot be overstated. The long-term success and impact of pediatric app fellowship programs depend on their ability to demonstrate adherence to established standards of excellence, and accreditation serves as a valuable mechanism for achieving this goal. The future of pediatric digital health relies on the credibility and effectiveness of these programs, and accreditation plays a crucial role in ensuring that they are meeting the needs of patients, providers, and the healthcare system as a whole.

8. Career Pathways

Successful completion of a pediatric app fellowship program significantly shapes subsequent career trajectories for participating physicians. These programs provide specialized training in digital health, equipping graduates with skills that address the evolving needs of modern pediatric healthcare. The specific career paths pursued vary depending on individual interests and program emphasis, but a common thread involves leveraging technology to improve pediatric care delivery. A causal relationship exists: the skills acquired during the fellowship directly influence the types of roles graduates are qualified for and the impact they can have within their chosen careers. The importance of delineating career pathways within the context of these fellowships lies in providing clarity to prospective applicants and demonstrating the tangible benefits of completing such specialized training. For instance, a graduate might pursue a career as a clinical informaticist, leading the implementation of digital health solutions within a hospital system, or as a researcher, conducting studies to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health interventions for children with chronic diseases.

Further analysis reveals several prominent career paths for graduates of pediatric app fellowship programs. These include academic positions focused on research and education in digital health, clinical roles involving the integration of technology into patient care, and positions within industry focused on developing and commercializing digital health solutions for pediatric populations. Practical applications of these career paths include the development of mobile apps for managing chronic conditions, the implementation of telehealth programs to improve access to care in rural areas, and the use of data analytics to personalize treatment plans. Specific examples include graduates working as medical directors for telehealth companies, leading research teams at academic medical centers, or serving as consultants to healthcare organizations seeking to implement digital health strategies. Such roles exemplify the practical significance of the training received during the fellowship and its direct contribution to advancing pediatric healthcare.

In conclusion, career pathways represent a crucial component of pediatric app fellowship programs, defining the potential impact and value of this specialized training. While challenges remain in establishing clear career progression pathways and ensuring equitable access to opportunities, the importance of highlighting these possibilities cannot be overstated. The long-term success and sustainability of these programs depend on their ability to demonstrate the tangible benefits of completing such specialized training, leading to fulfilling and impactful careers that improve the health and well-being of children. The future of pediatric healthcare increasingly relies on digital innovation, making the exploration and development of diverse career pathways essential for the continued growth and evolution of this field.

9. Funding Sources

The availability of funding sources exerts a significant influence on the establishment, sustainability, and quality of pediatric app fellowship programs. These programs, designed to train physicians in the application of digital technologies to pediatric healthcare, require substantial financial investment to support faculty salaries, fellow stipends, research infrastructure, and technology resources. A direct causal relationship exists: adequate funding enables the recruitment of qualified faculty, the provision of competitive stipends for fellows, access to cutting-edge technology, and the conduct of impactful research, thereby enhancing the overall quality and effectiveness of the programs. The importance of securing diverse and sustainable funding streams cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts the programs’ ability to attract talented individuals, advance the field of pediatric digital health, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. For example, a program receiving funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) might be able to offer fellowships with competitive salaries, attract top researchers in the field, and conduct large-scale clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health interventions for children with chronic diseases.

Further analysis reveals that funding sources for pediatric app fellowship programs typically include a mix of federal grants, foundation funding, industry partnerships, and institutional support. Federal agencies, such as the NIH and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), offer grants to support research and training in digital health. Private foundations, such as the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the California Health Care Foundation, often provide funding for innovative programs that address health disparities and improve access to care. Industry partnerships with technology companies or pharmaceutical firms can provide financial support for program development and technology infrastructure. Institutional support from hospitals and universities is also essential, covering administrative costs and providing access to clinical resources. Practical applications of these funding sources include the establishment of research centers dedicated to pediatric digital health, the development of new mobile health apps for children with chronic conditions, and the implementation of telehealth programs to improve access to care in underserved communities. These applications highlight the critical role that funding plays in translating innovative ideas into real-world solutions.

In conclusion, funding sources are a critical determinant of the success and sustainability of pediatric app fellowship programs. They enable the recruitment of qualified faculty, the provision of competitive stipends for fellows, access to cutting-edge technology, and the conduct of impactful research. While challenges remain in securing diverse and sustainable funding streams, the importance of these resources cannot be overstated. The long-term success and impact of these programs depend on their ability to attract and leverage financial support from a variety of sources, advancing the field of pediatric digital health and improving the health and well-being of children. Securing diverse and sustainable funding is, therefore, a strategic imperative for ensuring the continued growth and evolution of these critical training programs.

Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Pediatric App Fellowship Programs

The following questions and answers address common inquiries and misconceptions related to advanced training opportunities in pediatric digital health. The information provided is intended to offer clarity and guidance to prospective applicants and other interested parties.

Question 1: What are the prerequisites for applying to pediatric app fellowship programs?

Applicants typically require completion of a pediatric residency program and board eligibility or certification in pediatrics. Specific programs may also require demonstrated interest or experience in digital health, research, or technology. It is crucial to review the individual program’s admission criteria carefully.

Question 2: What is the typical duration of a pediatric app fellowship program?

The duration can vary but is commonly one to three years. The length often depends on the program’s specific objectives, research requirements, and clinical components. Prospective applicants should consult individual program descriptions for precise timelines.

Question 3: Are these fellowship programs primarily focused on app development?

While app development may be a component, these programs generally encompass a broader scope, including data analytics, telehealth implementation, user-centered design, and evaluation of digital health interventions. The emphasis is on developing a comprehensive understanding of digital health in pediatric settings.

Question 4: What career opportunities are available after completing such a fellowship?

Graduates may pursue careers in academic medicine, clinical informatics, healthcare administration, industry (e.g., digital health companies), or public health. Specific roles might include clinical informaticist, medical director for telehealth services, or researcher focusing on pediatric digital health interventions.

Question 5: Is funding typically available for these fellowship programs?

Funding availability can vary significantly. Some programs offer funded positions through grants or institutional support, while others may require fellows to secure their own funding through external grants or fellowships. Prospective applicants should inquire about funding options during the application process.

Question 6: How does accreditation affect the value of a pediatric app fellowship program?

Accreditation, while not universally available for all programs, signifies that the program meets established standards for curriculum, faculty expertise, and outcomes. Accreditation can enhance the program’s credibility and the value of the training received by fellows.

These answers provide a basic understanding of the key aspects of advanced training in pediatric digital health. It is recommended to directly contact program directors and review program websites for the most up-to-date and detailed information.

The subsequent sections will explore the resources available for those considering application to these fellowship programs, including directories and professional organizations.

Essential Guidance for Pediatric App Fellowship Programs

This section provides essential guidance for navigating the application and selection process for advanced training in pediatric digital health. Adhering to these tips will increase the probability of a successful application.

Tip 1: Cultivate a Strong Foundation in Pediatric Medicine: A robust understanding of pediatric clinical practice is paramount. This includes comprehensive knowledge of pediatric disease management, preventative care, and developmental milestones. Solid clinical skills enhance the ability to translate digital health innovations into practical solutions for pediatric patients.

Tip 2: Develop Technical Proficiency: Acquire skills in relevant technical areas, such as mobile app development, data analytics, telehealth platforms, or user interface design. Formal coursework, online tutorials, or independent projects can demonstrate a commitment to developing these critical skills. Hands-on experience distinguishes competitive applicants.

Tip 3: Seek Research Experience: Engage in research projects related to digital health, pediatrics, or a relevant interdisciplinary field. Research experience demonstrates the ability to design studies, collect and analyze data, and disseminate findings. Publication of research results further strengthens the application.

Tip 4: Network with Experts in the Field: Attend conferences, workshops, and seminars related to pediatric digital health. Networking provides opportunities to learn from experts, establish connections, and identify potential mentors. Active participation in the digital health community enhances visibility and credibility.

Tip 5: Craft a Compelling Personal Statement: Articulate a clear and compelling narrative that demonstrates a passion for pediatric digital health. Highlight relevant experiences, skills, and career goals, emphasizing how the fellowship will facilitate professional growth and contribute to the field. A well-written personal statement distinguishes qualified applicants.

Tip 6: Obtain Strong Letters of Recommendation: Solicit letters of recommendation from individuals who can attest to clinical skills, research abilities, and personal qualities. Provide recommenders with sufficient time and information to write detailed and supportive letters. Strong letters of recommendation enhance the application’s overall impact.

Tip 7: Tailor Applications to Specific Programs: Thoroughly research each program’s mission, curriculum, and faculty expertise. Tailor the application to align with the program’s specific focus and priorities. A customized application demonstrates a genuine interest and increases the likelihood of selection.

Following these recommendations strengthens candidacy, ultimately increasing the chances of securing a position in a competitive pediatric digital health fellowship.

The final section will summarize key points, reiterating the importance of specialized training in pediatric digital health and emphasizing the benefits for both individual physicians and the future of pediatric care.

Conclusion

The preceding exploration of pediatric app fellowship programs underscores their pivotal role in shaping the future of pediatric healthcare. These specialized training opportunities equip physicians with the expertise to leverage digital technologies for improved patient outcomes, enhanced access to care, and innovative solutions to pressing challenges. Curriculum components encompass app development, data analytics, telehealth implementation, and ethical considerations. Successful program structures feature faculty expertise in pediatrics, technology, research, and regulatory affairs. Effective clinical integration is paramount, bridging the gap between technological innovation and practical application.

The sustained commitment to pediatric app fellowship programs is crucial for fostering a generation of physician leaders capable of transforming pediatric healthcare through digital innovation. Continued investment in these programs will enhance the well-being of children and adolescents, optimizing healthcare delivery for future generations. The ongoing evolution of pediatric medicine necessitates specialized expertise, and these programs provide a vital pathway for achieving this goal.